15. SIMULATION
· Some complex systems can't be modeled because of,
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- random events
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- changing operating conditions
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- too many interactions
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- exact solutions don't exist
· Simulation is used to determine how these systems will behave
· Simulation typically involves developing a model that includes discrete stations and events that occur with some probable distribution.
· We can then examine the simulation results to evaluate the modeled system. Examples include,
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- machine utilization
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- lead time
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- down time
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- etc.
· This is a very effective tool when considering the effect of a change, comparing decision options, or refining a design.
· Some simulation terms include,
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System - the real collection of components
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Model - a reasonable mathematically (simpler) representation of the system
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State - the model undergoes discrete changes. A state is a `snapshot' of the system
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Entity - a part of the system (eg machine tool)
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Attributes - the behavior of an entity
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Event - something that changes the state of a machine
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Activity - when an entity is going through some activity. (eg, press cycling)
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Delay - a period of time with no activity
· Good approach to simulation,
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1. Determine what the problem is
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2. Set objectives for the simulation
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3. Build a model and collect data
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4. Enter the model into a simulation package
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5. Verify the model then check for validity
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6. Design experiments to achieve goals
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7. Run simulations and collect results
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8. Analyze and make decisions