16. ISO9000
· Originally developed by the ISO Technical Committee TC 176.
· A standard aimed at certifying products for quality (e.g., when taking a drivers licence test, they don't care how you learned to drive, only if it conforms to the legal requirements).
· This is the first Globally accepted quality designation, and it is replacing many existing quality certification programs, such as those of,
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- GM, Chrysler, and Ford
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- NATO,
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- Telecommunication companies
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- US Department of Defense
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- etc
· There are designated certification agencies throughout the world.
· The philosophy,
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- should be open about all processes, no hiding, no "back-rooms" where `skeletons' are hidden.
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- common agreement about quality objectives between suppliers, producer, customers.
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- a product, and quality responsibility should be traceable from start to end.
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- documentation is required to indicate how production goes from the front end to the customer.
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- the documents are to be signed and copies given to everybody responsible. It becomes a "quality bible" for a product.
· The standards,
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- ISO9000 - directs the selection of the other ISO900x standards and general management policies.
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- ISO9001 - The most stringent quality standard requiring conformance from design to service.
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- ISO9002 - Looser than ISO9001, requiring excellence in production and installation.
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- ISO9003 - Best when only capable of inspection and testing. Even easier than ISO9002.
· Overview
· Approach to certification.
· Information is available from,
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- (USA) the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), the Department of Commerce, Phone:(301) 975-4031, Fax:(301) 963-2871
· What is required for an effective quality system?
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- Organizational Structure and Responsibilities
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- Processes and Procedures
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- Documentation and Implementation of Quality Policy
· Standard compliance can be determined by,
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- Second party - a customer may audit the suppliers quality system, and verify compliance to one of the standards, with periodic reviews.
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- Third party - The accreditation body certifies the program, and conducts periodic monitoring of procedures.
· Basic steps for implementation
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1. Make a decision to seek certification
- is it required for commercial needs?
- is the organization committed to certification?
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2. Determining the state of the existing facility
- assess and identify gaps in processes and documentation
- determine existing compliance
- begin promoting and training for compliance
- select a registration body
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3. Compliance
- continue training
- conduct internal and external audits
- close quality gaps
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4. Registration
- auditors will visit and review the application, and the state of the document, etc.
- continued monitoring
· ISO 9001 is the most stringent standard, and the ISO 9002, and ISO 9003 standards are subsets of this, as shown in the table below,
· The principles that must be applied to the above areas are,
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- each element must be addressed
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- the process must be defined
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- process documentation
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- develop and maintain evidence of implementation
· The most typical initial impacts on a company are,
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- a culture change where procedures must now be followed
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- addition of a system for controlling documents
· Significant long term impacts on a company are,
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- use of documents to direct work
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- ongoing review of quality methods