Version 1.0, August 31, 2001, Copyright, Hugh Jack 1993-2001

44. CNC PROGRAMMING

 

· We need to be able to direct the position of the cutting tool. As the tool moves we will cut metal (or perform other processes).

 

· Obviously if we plan to indicate positions we will need to coordinate systems.

 

· The coordinates are almost exclusively cartesian and the origin is on the workpiece.

 

· For a lathe, the infeed/radial axis is the x-axis, the carriage/length axis is the z-axis. There is no need for a y-axis because the tool moves in a plane through the rotational center of the work. Coordinates on the work piece shown below are relative to the work.

 

 

· For a tool with a vertical spindle the x-axis is the cross feed, the y-axis is the in-feed, and the z-axis is parallel to the tool axis (perpendicular to the table). Coordinates on the work piece shown below relative to the work.

 

 

· For a tool with a horizontal spindle the x-axis is across the table, the y-axis is down, and the z-axis is out. Coordinates on the work piece shown below relative to the work.

 

 

· Some common programming languages include, (note: standards are indicated with an *)

  1. ADAPT - (ADaptation of APT) A subset of APT
  2. *APT - (Automatically Programmed Tool) A geometry based language that is compiled into an executable program.
  3. AUTOSPOT - A 2D language developed by IBM. Later combined with ADAPT.
  4. COMPACT/COMPACTII - A higher level language designed for geometrical definitions of parts, but it doesn't require compilation.
  5. EXAPT - A european flavor of APT
  6. *G-Codes (EIA RS-274 G&M codes)
  7. MAPT - (Microcomputer APT) - Yet another version of APT
  8. UNIAPT - APT controller for smaller computer systems
  9. Other Proprietary languages

 

· These languages have many similarities, but the syntax varies.

 

 

44.1 G-CODES

44.2 APT

44.3 PROPRIETARY NC CODES

44.4 GRAPHICAL PART PROGRAMMING

44.5 NC CUTTER PATHS

44.6 NC CONTROLLERS

44.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS