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Version 1.0, August 31, 2001, Copyright, Hugh Jack 1993-2001

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1. TABLE OF CONTENTS

• TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
• COMPUTER HARDWARE 3
• A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER HARDWARE 4
• BASIC COMPONENTS 4
• AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPUTER IN MANUFACTURING 6
• COMMERCIAL COMPUTERS 6
• ARCHITECTURE AND BUSES 8
• SOFTWARE 10
• COMPUTER INTERFACING 12
• DIGITAL SIGNALS 12
• ANALOG SIGNALS 14
• TIMING 21
• DISPLAYS 23
• COMPUTER INTERFACE BOARDS 23
• OVERVIEW 23
• REGISTER LEVEL PROGRAMMING 23
• EXAMPLES 23
• COMPUTER CONTROL OF PROCESSES 23
• TEMPERTURE CONTROL 26
• BATCH PROCESSING 26
• COMPUTER PROCESS MONITORING 28
• IMPLEMENTING A COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM 29
• PRACTICE PROBLEMS 29
• COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 30
• COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS CATEGORIES 30
• THE HISTORY 31
• SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS 31
• RS-422 34
• RS-485 34
• GPIB/IEEE-488 35
• PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS 35
• INTERFACING COMPUTERS FOR DATA TRANSFER 36
• SERIAL DATA TRANSFER 36
• PARALLEL DATA TRANSFER 37
• COMPUTER NETWORKING 39
• OSI NETWORK MODEL 43
• OPEN SYSTEMS 48
• NETWORKING HARDWARE 49
• MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP) 52
• OVERVIEW 52
• DETAILS 52
• DETAILS FOR TOP 56
• MAP & TOP 56
• MAP AND OTHER STANDARDS 58
• AN EXAMPLE OF A MAP IMPLEMENTATION 59
• ETHERNET 62
• DATA HIGHWAY+ 62
• REMOTE PLC I/O 62
• DEVICENET 62
• OTHER STUFF 62
• Network Facts 62
• DATABASE TECHNOLOGY 64
• DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS 64